Tuesday, 29 March 2016

The Correctional Bird Project - Cape Town

The Correctional Bird Project was started through Gresse.  Gresse saw the the film, Birdman of Alcatraz starring Burt Lancaster.  The film was base on the convict Robert Stroud who found purpose and dignity in prison by raising birds back to health.  Though it was not this film that inspired Gresse, who saw the film in his school days, but from his own bird club. Baby birds are giving to prisoners to hand raise.  As in the film, the birds have had dramatic effects by bringing stress-alleviating warmth into grim jail life.

Wikus Gresse, a senior prison official started the project in 1997.  Gresse who believed that animals had the power to reform even the toughest criminals.


"You can be a murderer. You can have done dangerous things. My criteria is you must show over a period in prison you can behave and you want to better your life," he told AFP.



A notorious South African jail where Nelson Mandela spent six years as an inmate is using this project to help rehabilitate criminals by giving them the responsibility to rear parrots and other birds. The Correctional Bird Project at Cape Town's Pollsmoor Maximum Security Prison tasks inmates to take care of chicks and young birds before they are sold as tame pets to bird lovers.


The program fields constant requests from prisoners wanting to join and places are limited to around a dozen prisoners who undergo training and must adhere to a ban on gangsterism, smoking, swearing, and drugs. In return, the inmates are given privileges like single cells.


In return, the bird men learn skills like holding meetings and are given privileges like single cells -- a 67.3 feet (6.25 square meter) space usually shared with two others due to overcrowding.

Housed in Pollsmoor prison's male lock-up, each chick's weight is checked and recorded daily and fed up to every two hours until it is fully feathered and sold as a tame pet to bird lovers on the outside.








The bird is something for bigger purposes."

A self-financed success, it fields constant requests from prisoners wanting to join.
Sales are used to buy new chicks, which can cost as much as 1,500 rands (217 dollars, 153 euros) for an African Grey fledgling, with a share going to the inmates.






"That is what is actually giving these people a better outlook to life -- knowing that there is something that they can look forward to," said section head Olga Dayimani.

"And even when they leave this place, it's still impacting on them in a positive way."  Gresse said while three offenders ended up back in jails in Cape Town, one went on to work for a vet, another for a bird breeder and another now owns a taxi fleet.


The prisoners often receive letters from thrilled new owners, something that Mitchell says fills him with pride.


When he plays with his African Greys in the evenings, in his cell with a view of Cape Town's landmark mountains, he feels a sense of achievement by having safely raised a small helpless chick.



It's a lesson that Mitchell, who was jailed on a life sentence when his son was just one month old, feels can be applied on the outside.

CAPE TOWN - Bursts of birdsong cut sweetly across the harsh prison noises as heavily tattooed, gold-toothed murderer Bernard Mitchell nuzzles the five-week old parrot with motherly kisses.


"They think I'm their mom. They're almost like children," said the 41-year-old after gently blowing on warm porridge to feed the chick.


With a heated brooder box and cage in his cell, Mitchell is part of a project that has transformed inmates at a tough South African prison by giving them vulnerable chicks to hand rear.


"They touch you," said Mitchell. "I didn't have this kind of gentleness. I was a very aggressive person before, I was involved in a lot of stabbings, a lot of things. I had a very bad reputation in prison."


"The birds have taught me to have patience. I cannot be aggressive with the birds also. I have to love them, I have to care for them, I have to feed them. Everything."


The former high-ranking prison gangster, who was first jailed at age 14, is chairperson of the project in a dedicated wing where orange-uniformed inmates tend to their charges surrounded by bright tropical wall paintings.




Sunday, 27 March 2016

Forgiveness, when we have hurt others

Recently I did something that I would never of done. I fought back and used mind games. It's against everything I was taught.

Something are just plain wrong and when you try and talk and explain the real situation and find that you are not been listened to, what does one do?

I was a victim of my situation, of my life, and he never let me forget.
He did help me through a lot of things, only I found myself becoming a victim of his, by the use of mind control. He demanded that I do certain things. I was in his control, but was I?

Everyone forgets, one has to be in a victim role first in order to become a survivor. Just be careful those who appear to want too help you, don't try and turn the situation to their own advantages so you become their next victim.

Please always remember it's your past experience what has shaped you, shaped you into the person you are today. Whither you become a better person for it,or whither you become a bitter person, the choice is entirely yours.

People must accept you as a whole package including the bad stuff,that ultimately made you into the person whom you are today. It's only with real love from the people around you that will help you deal with the pain of the past. Acceptance and belief is the greatest gift others can give you. It helps one become open to new experiences in the future. Nobody can erase their past. The past serves as a lesson for our future.

I was wrong please forgive me. I am much too blame as he is. Now the hardest part. To forgi

“Be gentle first with yourself if you wish to be gentle with others.” ~Lama Yeshe

Think back to the last time somebody apologized to you about something. Did you forgive them? There is a very good chance that you did.

Now think back to the last time you harmed someone else. Have you forgiven yourself? Probably not.

We all make mistakes. Oftentimes, through our actions, somebody gets hurt
To forgive oneself is a lot harder than to forgive others.

Forgiving yourself is far more challenging than forgiving someone else because you must live with yourself and your thoughts 24/7. Despite the challenge, emotionally healthy people must have the capacity to forgive themselves when they have made a mistake.

When you forgive yourself, you are not pretending as though it never happened. On the contrary, you are acknowledging that your actions have consequences. But the consequences need not include self-inflicted negative feelings.

Not forgiving yourself is like picking at an open wound; you are only making a bad situation worse. The wound is already there, but you do have control over your reaction to it, and you can stop it from getting worse.
If you forgive yourself when you make a mistake, it’s easier to address the consequences of your action

How to Forgive Yourself Right Now

1. Accept yourself and your flaws.
Know that despite your flaws, you are okay as you are. Your flaws, rather than making you “less” of a person, are what make you who you are. What you think of as a defect actually makes you far more interesting to others.
You are not perfect. You make mistakes.
But you are also on a path of growth. Your mistakes and failures help you improve. As flawed as you may be, you must accept yourself, flaws and all, if you are to make progress in your life.

2. Remember that you are not a bad person.
You can do something wrong while still being a good person. A lot of guilt or shame can make you feel like there is something wrong with you.
Realize, right now, that there is a very big difference between doing a bad thing and being a bad person. Even when you do something that you regret, you most likely had a valid reason for doing it at the time (even if that reason doesn’t make rational sense).
You didn’t do something bad because you are a fundamentally bad person; there was an intent, or valid motivation, behind your action.

3. Talk to someone.
Sometimes you just need to get it off your chest. Talking to someone else about what is bothering you can have serious benefits.
•Another perspective. When you are upset at yourself, emotions can cloud your reasoning abilities. A friend will often point out a reason why you deserve to forgive yourself that you never would have seen.
•Social support. You always feel better when somebody else has your back. Knowing that other people are less critical of you then you are of yourself can be encouraging.
•Therapy. Professional help may be necessary or at least a good decision in some cases. If your self-hatred seems insurmountable, you might want to consider this.

4. Talk to your internal voice.
It can be useful to “personalize” your internal voice. Imagine that there is some other entity that is thinking your self-critical thoughts and have a conversation with them.
It might sound silly, but you should give this entity a name, which will reinforce the idea that this voice is separate from you.
During your “conversation” I want you to ask your internal, critical voice what its positive intention is. This voice is saying what it’s saying for a reason. It might be to protect you, to prevent you from making the same mistake again, or to help you improve in some way.
When you realize that your thoughts of guilt or shame are intended for your benefit, it becomes easier to forgive yourself. You can find another way to satisfy that positive intent while reducing your guilty feelings.

5. Do the best friend test.
Imagine your best friend had done exactly what you did and then came to you for advice. What would you tell them?
You would reassure them and tell them not to be so hard on themselves. You would tell them that everyone makes mistakes. You would tell them that they deserve to be forgiven.
Why can’t you say this to yourself?
http://tinybuddha.com/blog/learn-to-forgive-yourself-even-when-youve-hurt-someone-else/







Saturday, 26 March 2016

i love you

everyone deserves to be loved
it does not mean that they are the greatest love of your life, there are more types of love than this, with holding love for any reason is a crime.

to this very special man in my life, I Have done you wrong, I am guilty of with holding back love .... I love you, honey

"I Love You"

I must be crazy now
 Maybe I dream too much
 But when I think of you
 I long to feel your touch
 To whisper in your ear
 Words that are old as time
 Words only you would hear
 If only you were mine
 I wish I could go back to the very first day I saw you
 Should've made my move when you looked in my eyes
 'Cause by now I know that you'd feel the way that I do
 And I'd whisper these words as you'd lie here by my side
 I love you, please say
 You love me too, these three words
 They could change our lives forever
 And I promise you that we will always be together
 Till the end of time
 So today, I finally find the courage deep inside
 Just to walk right up to your door
 But my body can't move when I finally get to it
 Just like a thousand times before
 Then without a word he handed me this letter
 Read I hope this finds the way into your heart, it said
 I love you, please say
 You love me too, these three words
 They could change our lives forever
 And I promise you that we will always be together
 Till the end of time
 Well maybe I, I need a little love yeah
 And maybe I, I need a little care
 And maybe I, maybe you, maybe you, maybe you
 Oh you need somebody just to hold you
 If you do, just reach out and I'll be there
 I love you, please say
 You love me too
 Please say you love me too
 Till the end of time
 These three words
 They could change our lives forever
 And I promise you that we will always be together
 Oh, I love you
 Please say you love me too
 Please please
 Say you love me too
 Till the end of time
 My baby
 Together, together, forever
 Till the end of time
 I love you
 I will be your light
 Shining bright
 Shining through your eyes
 My baby

beautiful love poem

Looking For Your Face
From the beginning of my life
 I have been looking for your face
 but today I have seen it

Today I have seen
 the charm, the beauty,
 the unfathomable grace
 of the face
 that I was looking for

Today I have found you
 and those who laughed
 and scorned me yesterday
 are sorry that they were not looking
 as I did

I am bewildered by the magnificence
 of your beauty
 and wish to see you
 with a hundred eyes

My heart has burned with passion
 and has searched forever
 for this wondrous beauty
 that I now behold

I am ashamed
 to call this love human
 and afraid of God
 to call it divine

Your fragrant breath
 like the morning breeze
 has come to the stillness of the garden
 You have breathed new life into me
 I have become your sunshine
 and also your shadow

My soul is screaming in ecstasy
 Every fiber of my being
 is in love with you
effulgence
 has lit a fire in my heart
 for me
 the earth and sky

My arrow of love
 has arrived at the target
 I am in the house of mercy
 and my heart
 is a place of prayer

What to do if someone goes missing abroad

What to do if someone goes missing abroad

No don't write blogs, 5 blogs lol, you got your attention from your fans, you as the poor victim, you should share the real story one day ........ Scared ............ no doubt you will be!!!

Reporting a person is a serious business, you take the time away from people that are really missing, please don't report a person missing until you a 100% sure that they are missing.
If a friend or family member goes missing abroad, report their disappearance to the local police.
If the police cannot find the missing person, contact the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on +31 (0)70 348 4770 or DCV-CA@minbuza.nl

Collect information about the missing person

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will ask you for as much information as possible about the missing person and their travel plans. You can help by providing the following information:
  • the missing person’s name and address;
  • their passport or driving licence number;
  • the name and address of their local contact;
  • information about their itinerary and the purpose of their journey;
  • the names of travelling companions;
  • their travel insurance details;
  • information about air tickets, money, credit cards, transport, medication, etc.;
  • an extract from the municipal population register;
  • a copy of the official missing person report.

Costs of search and assistance

If the missing person has taken out travel insurance, you should contact the insurer. They will inform you about possible funding for search operations, like deploying an aircraft or helicopter, or placing an advertisement in a local newspaper.

The Ministry will keep in touch with the embassy

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will pass on all available information to the embassy or consulate in the country where your friend or relative has gone missing. The embassy or consulate will also ask for the help of the local authorities, such as the police, customs authorities, or immigration authorities. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs will keep you informed of developments.

Conducting your own search

It is better not to try to investigate a disappearance abroad yourself. It could hinder the local police investigation. If you still decide to travel to the country where your friend or relative has gone missing, please do so in close consultation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Contact with the media

There is every chance that the media will ask you questions about the disappearance. Don’t be tempted to make statements that will not benefit the investigation. You can always refer journalists to the media relations team at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Report contact with the missing person

If the missing person suddenly gets in touch, please inform the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as soon as possible. The investigation will then be stopped.

Assistance and contact with people in the same situation

Victim Support Netherlands (Slachtofferhulp Nederland) provides support for the friends and relatives of missing persons. You can contact them on +31 (0)900 0101

The Association of Friends and Relatives of Missing Persons (Vereniging Achterblijvers na Vermissing) is a support organisation that can represent your interests and offer an opportunity to talk with people in the same situation as you.

Emotional Blackmail - Part One

Please don't tell me that nobody has ever used emotional blackmail, I think that we all have done it one time or other.  Just some of us never stop doing it .................

What is Emotional Blackmail?
Emotional blackmail and FOG, terms coined by psychotherapist Susan Forward, are about controlling people in relationships and the theory that fear, obligation and guilt ("FOG") are the transactional dynamics at play between the controller and the person being controlled.

Blackmail cannot work without the target's active participation. The target gives it permission
to occur. You may be aware of the blackmail but feel as though you can't resist it, because the
blackmailer's pressure sets off almost programmed responses in you, and you're reacting
automatically or impulsively.

Blackmailers may be aware of your hot buttons. Faced with resistance, blackmailers' fear of
deprivation kicks in and they use every bit of information to ensure that they prevail.

Emotional blackmailer know our deepest secrets.  They know how much we care for them, they care for us, but they have a deep fair and they need to get their own way with us.  They shape their threats accordingly…….

We must earn the love or approval from our blackmailers; they have a tendency to withhold what we crave the most.  This could mean that you will let the blackmailer control you, your decisions and behaviour.

Blackmailers have a thing about losing.   To the blackmailer, your feelings don’t count. They never play fair. Why is winning so important to blackmailers, we ask ourselves. Why are they doing this to us? Why do they need to get their way so badly that they'll punish us if they don't?

Blackmail takes two: it is a transaction. Following clarity comes change. It's easy to focus on
other people's behaviour and to think that if they change things will be fine. The change has to
begin with the blackmail target.

Our compliance rewards the blackmailer, and every time we reward someone for a particular action, whether we realize it or not, we're letting them know in the strongest possible terms that they can do it again.

The price we pay when we repeatedly give in to emotional blackmail is enormous. It eats away at us and escalates until it puts our most important relationships and our whole sense of self-respect in jeopardy.

Understanding the Blackmail Transaction
What Emotional Blackmailers Do 
Threaten to make things difficult if you don't do what they want.
Constantly threaten to end the relationship if you don't give in.
Regularly ignore or discount your feelings and wants.
Tell you or imply that they will neglect, hurt themselves, or become depressed if you don't
do what they want.
Shower you with approval when you give into them and take it away when you don't.
Use money as a weapon to get their way.

Components of Emotional Blackmail
The issues may differ, but the tactics and actions will be the same, and clearly recognizable.
Demand--someone wants something
Resistance--the other does not feel comfortable with the demand
Pressure --used to make the resistant one give in
Threat --to turn up the pressure
Compliance--on the part of the resistant one
Repetition--this pattern reoccurs in at least other situations (just with a different name)

There are four types of blackmailers 
Punishers
Their anger is always directed as us.  They express themselves aggressively or they smoulder in silence.  The deeper the relationship is, the more the blackmail escalates.

Abandonment, emotional cut off, withdrawal of money or other resources. Explosive
anger directed at us. And, at the most terrifying extreme, threats of physical harm.


Self-punishers
They turn the threats towards themselves. They are very need and dependent.  They have problems in taking responsibility for their own lives.  The extreme threat is that they say that they will kill themselves.

Sufferers
They blame others and make other feel guilty.  They always crying over something or other, nothing good comes their way and they use this in order to get what they want.  If you can’t read their minds, then you don’t care enough for them.

Tantalizers
They promise us of something wonderful, that we need to behave or else we will not get what we need.  Many wonderful promise, of love and of acceptance……..
  
Each type of blackmailer operates with a different vocabulary, and each gives a different spin to the demands, pressure, threats and negative judgments that go into blackmail. There are no
firm boundaries between the styles of blackmail, as they can be combined.


Emotions Felt by Victims of Emotional Blackmail
They feel insecure, unimportant, unworthy and generally bad about them.
They doubt their ideas and needs.
They feel isolated.
They may have consistent physical ailments as a result of the stress.

Characteristics of the Victim and Emotional Blackmailer
Victim:
Constantly seeks approval
Does their best to avoid anger and keep peace
Takes the blame for anything that happens to others
Has compassion and empathy
Tends to feel pity or obligation
Believes they need to give in because it is the “right thing to do”
Has self-doubt with no sense of their worth, intelligence or abilities
  
Emotional Blackmailer:
Has great fear of abandonment and deprivation or of being hurt.
Feels desperate.
Needs to be in control of things.
Experiences frequent frustration.
Has thought distortions regarding the reasonableness of their demands.
Has had someone emotionally blackmail them and sees that it works to get them what  they want.

“FOG”
“FOG” means Fear, Obligation and we feel afraid to cross them, obligated to give them their way and terribly guilty if we don't.

Fear, the Real F-Word
Blackmailer’s fears are so strong that they cannot see the affects they are having on us.  They use our fears to get what they want us to do, they use the information that we reveal to them.  One of the most painful parts of emotional blackmail is that it violates the trust that has allowed us to reveal ourselves.

Obligation
Obligation is about our duty, they form ethical and moral foundations of our lives.  Blackmailers use our sense of obligations and test it to the fullest.  We have problems defining our boundaries when our sense of obligation is stronger than our sense of self-respect and self-caring; blackmailers quickly learn to take advantage.

Guilt
When we do something that is not right, our guilt takes over, It makes us feel simply terrible.
Guilt is a tool of the conscience, it helps us keeps our personal and social codes of ethics.
Blackmailers use blame to create undeserved guilt, but it wears away the trust and intimacy that makes us want to be with them.
  
The tools are a constant that runs through the endlessly varied scenarios of emotional blackmail, and all blackmailers, no matter what their style, use one or more of them:

Blackmailers see themselves as wise and well intentioned.  They want to win, if we resist is because of our own flaws.  The blackmailer challenges our character, motives and self-worth.
They have the ability to wipe out our confidence.
Some blackmailers tell us we don’t do as they want because we are ill or crazy.  This is a blow to our confidence and sense of self and it’s a very effective tool.  In a love relationship when more attention, more commitment are not forth coming, they query our ability to love, make us doubt our sanity.

When single-handed attempts at blackmail are ineffective, black-mailers call in reinforcements
(parents, children, mental health professionals, religious leaders etc.), to make their case for
them and to prove that they are right. They may turn to a higher authority such as the bible.

Blackmailers often hold up another person as a model, a flawless ideal against which we fall

short. Negative comparisons make us feel suddenly deficient. We react competitively.

Friday, 25 March 2016

Dirty Secrets of the Church concerning children - Baptized Jewish Children

While Pope Pius XII has been condemned for remaining largely silent on the Holocaust and politics of Word War II, under his leadership the Catholic Church did take steps to save several thousand Jews from the Nazis. Some Italian and Hungarian Jews were issued false baptism certificates and other documents identifying them as Catholics. In France, many Jewish children were baptized and placed in Catholic schools and orphanages, effectively hiding them from the Nazis.

The problem is what happened next. When the war ended, the Catholic Church in France issued a directive forbidding its representatives from returning Jewish children who had been baptized to their families. The document, which claimed to have been “approved by the Holy Father,” firmly stated that “children who have been baptized must not be entrusted to institutions that would not be in a position to guarantee their Christian upbringing.”


Many of the children concerned had lost their parents in the Holocaust, and some were deliberately never told of their Jewish background. The issue first came to public attention in France with the case of Robert and Gerald Finaly, who became the subject of a lengthy legal battle after their surviving Jewish relatives attempted to regain custody from the French Catholics who had baptized them. Other French Catholics apparently ignored the Church’s order and agreed to return the Jewish children in their care, including the future Pope John XXIII, who was the Vatican’s representative in Paris at the time. To this day it is not clear how many Jewish children the Church saved—or how many it gave back afterward.

Catherine Poujol - L'Eglise de France et les enfants juifs - Des missions vaticanes à l'affaire Finaly (1944-1953). PARIS — Reopening a scandal that broke in 2004, the new French book “L’Eglise de France et les enfants juifs” (“The French Church and Jewish Children”) is a 10-year investigation into one of the most controversial post-war Catholic Church policies.
Leaked to the Italian daily newspaper Corriere Della Sera without her permission on December 28, 2004, the document — written in French and “approved by the Holy Father” — forbids Catholic authorities from allowing Jewish children who had been sheltered by Catholics and baptized to be returned to their families and communities.
“For Jews today, children or grandchildren of Shoah survivors, the letter from the Nunciature is written evidence of what was once feared,” Poujol writes. “We knew that after the war, Jewish organizations did everything in their power to obtain a letter from the pope, a memorandum asking institutions looking after hidden Jewish children to hand them over.

“Today, we have the evidence that a contrary order came from the Vatican, and affected some of these children,” she adds.

The formal Church directive outlining how to deal with requests from Jewish organizations looking for hidden children throughout Europe fails to mention the atrocities of the Holocaust.

“Children who have been baptized must not be entrusted to institutions that would not be in a position to guarantee their Christian upbringing,” the document says. “For children who no longer have their parents, given the fact that the Church is responsible for them, it is not acceptable for them to be abandoned by the Church or entrusted to any persons who have no rights over them, at least until they are in a position to choose themselves.”

Archbishop of Lyon Monsignor Gerlier — credited with rescuing 120 Jewish children from deportation in Vénissieux — received the letter on April 30, 1947, along with another document, entitled “Note from the Abbot Blanc.”
Explaining the opinion of a theologist consulted by the Vatican envoy in France, Angelo Rocalli, the document states: “Baptism is what makes a Christian, hence it ‘cancels the Jew,’ which allowed the Church to protect so many endangered Israelites.”
To this day, there are no reliable figures on how many French Jewish children were hidden and saved by Catholics, or directly affected by this Church directive.
For almost a decade, Poujol has refused to talk to the press about her discovery. Now, she explains the reasons behind her silence.

“I didn’t want to add fuel to the fire without properly investigating the subject — and this was a very complex, lengthy process,” she told The Times of Israel.

“When the media published the directive, they had no evidence whatsoever of its origin and its actual impact on the field,” she continues. “For a historian, it is very tempting to talk to the press, especially when you discover something big. But had I talked, I would have lost my credibility and the Church’s trust.”

Poujol admits, however, that without the 2004 scandal, the French Church would probably not have granted her access to its private archives.

“The Church felt cornered, and at first adopted an inward-looking stance. But soon it realized that denying the access to these postwar documents would fuel the scandal even more.”

After examining countless sources and traveling throughout Europe, the US and Israel, Poujol came to the conclusion that even if this document clearly outlines the Church’s intention of keeping baptized Jewish children under its custody, it doesn’t cast blame on the entire Catholic Church.

“Many priests and bishops acted completely independently and didn’t abide by the directive,” she says.
Poujol notes that there is very little evidence as to which members of the Church did receive the note.
‘On the one hand, a sacrament, in this case baptism, was administered to save individuals from a likely death. But on the other hand, Catholics truly believe in the rescue of souls via this sacrament’
“After the war, the Church was in an unprecedented, exceptional situation — and wasn’t prepared for it,” she says. “On the one hand, a sacrament, in this case baptism, was administered to save individuals from a likely death. But on the other hand, Catholics truly believe in the rescue of souls via this sacrament.”

Amid numerous, well-documented examples, Poujol mentions the Finaly Affair, which consumed and divided France in 1953.

In 1944, two Jewish boys, Robert and Gerald Finaly, were sent by their parents to a Catholic nursery in Grenoble. After the parents were deported and died at Auschwitz, their uncle and aunt, who were living in Israel, attempted to get the children back.

In 1948, French Catholic nurse Antoinette Brun baptized the children without the family’s permission and formally adopted them, omitting to tell the judge about the existence of other relatives.

The affair reached the national spotlight when a police investigation found that several nuns of the Notre Dame de Sion order and Basque priests had arranged and executed the kidnapping and smuggling of the children in Spain in February 1953.

The boys were returned to their family on July 25 after an eight-year legal battle that divided the French public opinion.

Poujol explains, “The Finaly Affair is the most emblematic example of the Church’s ambivalent attitude. The debate opposed on the one hand Monsignor Gerlier, who did everything he could not to hand over the children, and on the other hand, Monsignor Caillot, archbishop of Grenoble and fervent supporter of the Vichy government, who lobbied actively to return the boys to their family.”

“French public opinion was divided into two opposing camps, clericals against anti-clericals, Zionists against anti-Zionists, and canon law against Republican law,” she adds.

In France, 11,600 Jewish children died during World War II, but another 72,400 survived.
“There are many gray areas when it comes to the role of the Catholic Church during and after the war; we cannot jump to a clear-cut, black or white conclusion,” says Poujol. “The very goal of my book is to show that we need to adopt a nuanced stance.”