Monday 30 April 2018

Flower in South Africa



Clivia

This is an indigenous plant to the Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and eastern Mpumalanga.  It’s easy to grown and it’s also grown overseas.  The orange clusters of flowers, tells us that spring is on the way.  This plants like sun but can be planted in shady areas, under trees or on a shady stoep (that is Afrikaans for veranda). The other colours that it comes in, is pale yellow and a deep reddish orange.

 
Clivia
Dietes Grandiflora

They are iris-like flowers, white flowers with their yellow and mauve markings.  It’s really something if you plant a lot of these plants in your garden.  The flower last a day but new flowers open up continuously.  It can grow in dry, shady or sunny areas.

 
Dietes grandiflora

Arum Lily

This plant during winter and spring in the Cape area, as the cape gets winter rainfall.  In other parts of the country it grows in spring and summer when it usually the rainy period of the country.  They have beautiful white flowers with long, broad, dark green leaves.  The plant loves damp soil and shaded areas of the garden.  They are long lasting cut flowers.

 
Arum lily

Strelizia

This is a vibrant orange and blue flower.  It’s is very unusual as the flowers look very much like a crane with a crown of feather.  It’s one of South Africa’s icons as it even appears on the 50 cent coil.  Easy to grow, just water the ground when it’s dry and keep the soil well mulched.  It has other names such as the crane, as explained and the bird of paradise as it also resembles that bird in flight.
Strelizia
 Vygies

This little plant is indigenous to the south-western cape.  It comes in many colours from yellow to oranges, from pink to purple.    They can be planted in a rock garden or dry areas because the plant does not need to be watered very often.  The succulents are also easily propagated from cuttings.

 

Bokbaai Vygies are exported.  These plants are grown worldwide for their dazzling range of colours like yellow, cream, pink, magenta, and orange.  It is a winter succulent which forms a low ground cover.  The leaves are spoon-shaped and the surface cells on the leaves are modified for water storage.

Vygies
Red hot poker

These are upright plants with bright flame-coloured flowers. There are different species of this plant that flower in different season.  Again plant a lot of them; it is truly a spectacular site when they flower.  They love water and need to be water regularly in summer and feed them fertilizer to ensure a good showing.  The flower attracts sunbirds to the area has the flower is tubular and is well suit for the sunbirds long beak to feed from.

 
Red hot poker

Pincushion protea

The protea is indigenous to the south-western Cape, but could grow anywhere in the country under the right conditions.  The roundish shrub is about 1.5m high.  It’s a low maintenance plant and the flowers can be dried and last like this for a very long time.

Pincushion protea
 
Morning glories

They are climbers with slender stems, and heart-shaped leaves.  They have trumpet-shaped flower and come in several colours, pink, purple-blue, magenta or even white.  Every day they will re-open to the kiss of the sun.  The vines can grow up to 15 feet in one season and can self-seed fairly easy.

The flowers are in bloom from early spring to the first frost.  They attract butterflies and hummingbirds to the garden.

Morning glories

Daffodils
Daffodils started growing in early spring.  They come from bulbs that must be planted around June.  They are one of the earliest plants to flower.  It has a trumpet shape flower and come in a variety of different colours and shape.  The traditional daffodils are sunny yellow.

 
Daffodils

Tulips

These plants originally came from Turkey.  The tulip was cultivated in the Netherlands from the 16th century.  They grow best in cold climates but there are hybrids that can be grown in South Africa.  Tulips love cold soil so the best time to plant them would be from March to June.  Plant them in a place that has morning sun only.  The tulips do well if planted in containers.
Tulips

African daisy

These indigenous flowers carpet the bare veldt of the south-western and north-western Cape and Namaqualand in spring, and the flowers are so prolific that the leaves are almost invisible when the blooms appear. Dimorphotheca are members of the large Asteraceae family, which includes asters, daisies, and sunflowers, and their daisy-like flowers will attract butterflies to your garden. They come in the traditional bright orange and yellow flowers as well as many pastel shades and pure white.

The African daisy is used as low cover around shrubs or as the focal point in mass plantings. They also make beautiful borders, so sow them in mass into large borders, beds and rockeries for hassle-free winter and spring colour. These sun lovers will only open their petals in sunlight and remain steadfastly closed at night or on overcast days.
African daisy
Cosmos
Cosmos are beautiful summer flowering annuals native to Mexico, where most of the species occur, as well as the United States, as far north as the Olympic Peninsula in Washington; and Central and South America, as far south as Paraguay. One species, the commonly called “Mexican Aster” (Cosmos bipinnatus) escaped gardens and naturalized itself across much of the eastern United States and eastern Canada, growing abundantly on disturbed land besides roads, and in fields and waste areas. It is also widespread over the high eastern plains of South Africa, where it was introduced via contaminated horse feed imported from Argentina during the Anglo-Boer War. In South Africa they flower religiously around Easter time, transforming open fields and roadways with their masses of flowers, and the flowering can continue until the first frosts.
Cosmos
Sutera
Sutera remains firm favourites with gardeners around the world for their ease of growth and profusion of flowers throughout spring and summer. They are hardy, vigorous, low-growing plants which can spread +-50 to 60cm, while only reaching a height of +-15 to 20cm. Plant breeders have developed many new and improved strains of Sutera which not only flower even more profusely, but also have larger blooms, with some varieties even sporting lovely yellow foliage. They are available in beautifully delicate shades of blue and pink to lavender and white. Some of the new cultivars include: Sutera” Snowstorm”; Sutera “Blue Showers” and Sutera “Lavender Showers”

Sutera
 Iceland Poppies
If it’s the “wow” from flowers you are looking for, then Iceland Poppies (Papaver naudicaule) are just the thing for you. Planted in autumn temperatures, they will help transform your garden into a winter wonderland. While some gardeners are loath to buy seedlings when they can’t see any blooms on the little plants, this shouldn’t be a concern. Poppies offer their best when planted early in the season, soon providing blooms that will keep on appearing right through to late spring.
Iceland poppies
Sweet peas

Sweetly scented sweet peas are a must for the autumn garden, not only for their gorgeous smelling and looking blooms in the garden, but also to bring a little of the garden into your home when it’s a bit chilly to spend time outside because sweet peas make excellent cut flowers.
Sweet peas
Kingfisher Daisies

Blue is a sought after colour amongst gardeners because it is quite rare, especially a true blue shade. Kingfisher Daisies, with their masses of striking sky-blue and sunny yellow flower heads fit the bill, catching the eye wherever they are planted. There are approximately 84 species of Felicia, and South Africa is blessed with about 79. This little plant did not go unnoticed and was one of the earliest species used in horticulture, first being introduced to Europe in the middle of the eighteenth century; it also features on one of our stamps. Sky-blue, pale blue, violet-blue, pink and white flowered forms are available, as well as a variegated variety and a beautiful annual which is entirely blue.
Kingfisher daisies




Tuesday 24 April 2018

South Africa - a bit about the country I live in


South Africa is divided into nine provinces. South Africa previously had four provinces from 1910. The following provinces were:-

  • The Cape of Good Hope
  • Orange Free State
  • Natal
  • Transvaal
 

In 1994 this was change to nine provinces, they are as follows:-
  • The Eastern Cape
  • The Free State
  • Gauteng
  • KwaZulu-Natal
  • Limpopo
  • Mpumalanga
  • The Northern Cape
  • North West
  • Western Cape


9 provinces of South Africa

Before 1994 there were 10 ethnically based homelands created for the black people of South Africa.  Four on them gained independence from South Africa but it is not recognised by any other countries in the world. 

 

Independent homelands


  • Bophuthatswana              -             independent from 06/02/1977                    Tswana
  • Ciskei                                  -             independent from 04/12/1981                    Xhosa
  • Venda                                 -             independent from 13/09/1979                    VhaVenda 

Non-independent homelands


  • Gazankulu                          -                                                                                         Shangaan
  • KaNgwane                         -                                                                                         Swazi
  • KwaNdebele                      -                                                                                         Ndebele
  • KwaZulu                              -                                                                                         Zulu
  • Lebowa                               -                                                                                         North Sotho
  • Qwaqwa                             -                                                                                         South Sotho 

homelands of South Africa
The apartheid regime tried hard to get the other six homelands to become independent, but these homelands were not interested.  These six homelands were ruled by South Africa.  To be independent meant that they could issues stamps and exchange ambassadors with South Africa as nowhere else recognised their independence in the world.  They had rights to vote in these areas but no rights to vote anywhere else in the country.  All the homelands had their own “legislative” assemblies and a limited amount of autonomy.  All the homelands had their own coat of arms and flags except KaNgwane which only had their flag and they used the South African flag.  In the homelands that were not independent they use both their own flags and the South African flag. 


All these homelands were reincorporated into South Africa from the 27th April 1994 and they no longer use the former symbols of their homelands. 


There are five countries that border South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Swaziland and Mozambique. 


Lesotho and Swaziland are both enclaves of South Africa.  They are bordered on all sides by South Africa but remain autonomous countries.

 
enclaves - Lesotho and Swaziland

There are eleven official languages in South Africa

  • Afrikaans
  • English
  • IsiNdebele (Ndebele)
  • IsiXhosa (Xhosa)
  • IsiZulu (Zulu) 
  • Northern Sotho (Sepedi) 
  • Sesotho (Southern Sotho)
  • Setswana (Tswana)
  • SiSwati (Swati)
  • Tshivenda (Venda)
  • Xitsonga (Tsonga)

 

Non-official languages
  • Fanagalo 
  • IsiCamtho (Tsotsitaal)
  • Khoe, Nama and San
  • Lobedu
  • Northern Ndebele
  • Phuthi
  • Sign Language


The official flag of South Africa

The flag was designed by Fred Brownell who was a former South African State Herald.  The flag was first used on 27th April 1994. The design and colours present principal elements of the country's flag history.  The colour combination could have different many to the people so no universal symbolism can be attached to any of the colours. 

The central design of the flag, beginning at the flagpost in a "V" form and flowing into a single horizontal band to the outer edge of the fly, can be interpreted as the convergence of diverse elements within South African society, taking the road ahead in unity. The theme of convergence and unity ties in with the motto "Unity is Strength" of the previous South African Coat of Arms.

South African flat 27th April 1994

The Coat of Arms

The previous coat of arms was used from 1910 and was replaced with the present coat of arms on 27th April 2000 on Freedom Day,  the day of the year when the election first took place when the ANC were first elected into power.  The motto is written in the Khoisan language of the IXam people and it reads ǃke e: ǀxarra ǁke and it means "diverse people unite" which is a direct translation
South Africa's coat of arms 27th April 2000

The national bird of South Africa is the Blue Crane

The blue crane is on the critical endangered list.  The primary decline of this bird is due to human population growth and that grasslands are used for commercial tree plantation and deliberate poisoning in order to protect crops or accidental poisoning from poison meant for other species.  The blue crane is now under the protection of the South African government.  Research and educating the people have been implemented.




This bird is very special to the amaXhosa who have given the bird the name indwe.  The chief would award a feather from this bird to those who did deeds or valour.  The feathers would also be presented to the heroes after a battle.  These men were know as men of ugaba (trouble) and wore the feathers in their hair. When men were given this name, they had to step in when trouble arose and reinstate order and peace.
blue crane

The National fish of South Africa is the Galjoen

The galjoen is a species of marine fish and only found along the coast of South Africa.  It is found mostly in shallow water, and often found in rough surf.  It is well know to the angler because it can stay very close to shore.  Depend where they are found they look completely different in colour, near rocks they are completely back but when in sandy areas the colour is silver-bronze.  Another name or them is the blackfish or black beam.  They can grow to over 55cm and up to 7kg in weight.


Galjoen

National flower of South Africa is the King Protea

The King Protea, (Protea cynaroides), is a flowering plant. Its flower head (what the layman will call the 'flower') is the largest in the genus Protea: the species is also known as Giant Protea, Honeypot or King Sugar Bush. It is widely distributed in the south-western and southern parts of South Africa of the fynbos region.  The national cricket team of South Africa have the nickname Proteas.

king protea
The national cricket team of South Africa have the nickname Proteas.
emblem South African Cricket Team

The National animal of Sout Africa is the Springbox

The word in afrikaans, spring = jump, box = antelope, deer or goat.  Its a small brown and white gazella about 75cm high.  The males can weigh up to 50kg and the females around 37kg.  Both sexes have horns but the male horns are thicker and rougher.  These animals have adapted to the dry, barren areas and open grass plains.  they are most found in the Free State, North West province and the Karoo up to the west coast of South Africa. 



springbox




The national rugby team is nicked named the springbox.  They were also known as the Springbox in the apartheid era and they were supposed to be called the proteas when apartheid ended but the president at the time Nelson Mandela intervened and it was then allowed for the rugby team to keep their name.  The springbox emblem is also used for the South African Airforce and the South African coat of arms.  It was also used for a South African own car, the ranger in the early 1970's.

emblem South African Rugby Team

The National Tree of South Africa is the Real Yellowwood

This true has been around for more than a million years in South Africa.  The tree is widespread is found from the Table Mountain, along the southern and eastern Cape coats, and in the drakensberg up to the Soutpansberg and the Blouberg in Limpopo.  When they grow in a forest these tree can be up to 40 meters in height and the base of the trunk can be up to 3 meters wide.  But if they grown on unsheltered places, like mountain-slopes they are often short, busy and gnarled.  The colour of the bark is khaki-coloured to grey when its old and peels of in strips.  The male or female cones resembles the pine cones but are white, light green or pink.  The female cone has a fleshy pedocarpium and the seeds take on the shape and colour of a cherry.  The leaves are strap-shaped, 25-40mm long and mature trees about 100mm long and on young trees 5-12mm with a bluntly pointed tip.  It is a slow growing tree and the wood is hard.  The wood was used to make furniture, panelling, etc.  Little of these trees are cut now due to the fact of over-exploitation.

real yellowwood tree

National Athem

A proclamation issued by the then State President, Nelson Mandela, on 20 April 1994 in terms of the provisions of Section 248 (1) together with Section 2 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1993 (Act 200 of 1993), stated that the Republic of South Africa would have two national anthems. They were Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika and The Call of South Africa (Die Stem van Suid-Afrika). In terms of Section 4 of the Constitution of South Africa, 1996 (Act 108 of 1996), and following a proclamation in the Government Gazette No. 18341 (dated 10 October 1997), a shortened, combined version of Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika and The Call of South Africa is now the national anthem of South Africa.

It is the only neo-modal national anthem in the world, by virtue of being the only one that starts in one key and finishes in another. The lyrics employ the five most populous of South Africa's eleven official languages - isiXhosa (first stanza, first two lines), isiZulu (first stanza, last two lines), seSotho (second stanza), Afrikaans (third stanza) and English (final stanza).

Lyrics

Nkosi sikelel' Afrika Maluphakanyisw' uphondo lwayo, Yizwa imithandazo yethu, Nkosi sikelela, thina lusapho lwayo. (Xhosa and Zulu)
Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso,
O fedise dintwa le matshwenyeho,
O se boloke, O se boloke setjhaba sa heso,
Setjhaba sa South Afrika - South Afrika.
(Sesotho)
Uit die blou van onse hemel,
Uit die diepte van ons see,
Oor ons ewige gebergtes,
Waar die kranse antwoord gee,
(Afrikaans)
Sounds the call to come together,
And united we shall stand,
Let us live and strive for freedom,
In South Africa our land.
(English)


The first people to settle in South Africa

The Khoi Khoi and the hunter gatherer San lived in Southern Africa about two thousands years ago and archaeologist have uncovered artwork and implements believed to be the oldest in the world
Today they are called the Khoisan, and were skilled hunter gatherers and nomadic farmers who lived of the land.  Even though they were here first, they are the most persecuted people even when apartheid fall in South Africa.  The Khoisan became the most forgotten.


Source : http://www.southafrica-newyork.net/consulate/anthem.html

http://mediaclub.co.za/landstatic/163-provinces_new

https://theculturetrip.com/africa/south-africa/articles/what-to-know-about-the-khoisan-   south-africas-first-people/

     


Friday 20 April 2018

Ligers, hybrid of the male lion and female tiger


Ligers - Panthera Leo × Panthera Tigris (no scientific name and they are a hybrid)


 

Ligers are a result of cross breeding between a male lion and a female tiger.  They are not found in the wild.  The male lion and the female tiger would not breed in the wild, as they more likely fight to defend themselves and in they would avoid each other to protect themselves.

ligers (cross between male lion and female tiger)

 

Ligers can live with both lions and tigers.  The liger is a social animal.  Ligers have the head of the lion and the body of a tiger.  When they are breed together it enhances both species genes?  They about 11 feet tall and weigh about half a ton (500 kilograms).  The liger shares traits both from the lion and the tiger but the traits inherited from the lion is more.  They have a muscular body and their fur is sandy or dark yellow and there are distinctive faint stripes, which is inherited from the mother.  Other colour is white which comes from a white tiger.  The male liger can have a mane like the lion but it is not as impressive as the male adult lion.  Sometimes there is no mane on the liger male.  The stripes are more noticeable on their hind quarters.  The liger can also inherit the spots found on the back of the tiger’s ears along with the tufted fur around their chins.  The liger has very strong and large jaws with sharp pointed teeth that are used for tearing through flesh.  The sharp claws also help them to catch prey.

 

If the ligers were to be found in the wild they would be a dominant predator and the only thing that would be a threat to them is HUMANS, but they are not find in the wild and the place where they are found are in zoos who keep them only in order to make money.

liger kept in capitivity - zoo

Ligers were breed in the 19th century when a litter of cubs were born in Asia 1824.  No other litters were recorded until 100 years later in a zoo in South Africa (the bastards!).  The ligers have no conservation status and they never bred in the wild.  The ligers have no value to conservationist.  Thank God there are some countries in the world that have banded the breeding of these ligers.

 

One of the traits that the liger shares with the tiger is the love of swimming though it might take them time to venture into the water as the male lion does not like water.  A liger can run at the speed of 50 mph (80kmh).  The roar of the liger can either sound like that of the lion or the tiger, depending on the given situation at the time.  Being hybrids they can have shorter lives as they are prone to cancer and other diseases.

If the ligers were to be found in the wild they would be a dominant predator and the only thing that would be a threat to them is HUMANS, but they are not find in the wild and the place where they are found are in zoos who keep them only in order to make money.

Ligers were breed in the 19th century when a litter of cubs were born in Asia 1824.  No other litters were recorded until 100 years later in a zoo in South Africa (the bastards!).  The ligers have no conservation status and they never bred in the wild.  The ligers have no value to conservationist.  Thank God there are some countries in the world that have banded the breeding of these ligers. 

One of the traits that the liger shares with the tiger is the love of swimming though it might take them time to venture into the water as the male lion does not like water.  A liger can run at the speed of 50 mph (80kmh).  The roar of the liger can either sound like that of the lion or the tiger, depending on the given situation at the time.  Being hybrids they can have shorter lives as they are prone to cancer and other diseases.

liger with it human pet
The gestation period is a 100 days.  The tigress of liger cubs might need to have a C-section as the liger cubs is big when they are born.  They can give before from 2 to 4 cubs.  The cubes eyes are not open and they are totally depended on the mother until they reach the age of 6 months. 





The liger cubs grow very fast.  The cubs weight 1.5 kilogram at birth and can put on as much as half a kilogram per day.  By the end of their first year that could weigh 165 kilograms and by the time they reach 3 years old as much as 320 kilograms.  The liger’s cubs have darker spots on their fur and these spots can remain when the liger reaches maturity, especially on their undersides.  Sadly many of the liger cubs are born with birth defects and they don’t survive for more than a week.

 
liger cubs

When the cubs mature it’s unlikely they can breed as more than often they are sterile with each other.  The female liger would have to be breed with a lion or a tiger.  The resulting cubs would either be called a li-liger or a ti-liger depending on the father.